Lymphoma is a cancer, a pathological modification of the cells known as lymphocytes. They are members of the family of the white blood cells. It isn’t very easy for the doctors to put the diagnosis and to make a classification of lymphomas. this aspect is very confusing for the patients too. It is essential to understand the development of normal lymphocytes and lymphoma.
The role of lymphocytes as of the hole white blood cells family is to help fight infection.There are two kinds of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). When there is a threat or an infection that attack the body B cells transforms into another kind of cells called plasma cells. This new formed cells, the plasma cells, secrete antibodies which are proteins that attach to the harmful or infectious particles. This particles that attack the human body and release the infection are known as ‘antigens’. After the antibodies are attached to antigens, they are recognized by other white blood cells. These cells will attack and destroy the particles that injured the body.
T cells are involved in the immune response and they also can attack foreign particles. By binding directly to the antigens of viruses and tumor cells, T cells can eliminate them. The difference between T cells and B cells is that T cells do not secrete antibodies.
T and B cells are very numerous and they circulate throughout the body passing through lymph nodes and the spleen. During this circulation they look for ‘foreign’ antigens to which they can react. The antigen stimulate the lymphocytes and they divide rapidly into other cells. If the stimulated cells leads to B cells, they also turn into plasma cells which begin secreting antibodies.
After the antigen is recognized, can react many different B cells and T cells which can recognize different pieces of the antigen. This causes the proliferation of the B cells and T cells. The result is many large groups of T and B lymphocytes. An exaggerated number of lymphocytes can cause lymph nodes, a congregation of lymphocytes, to enlarge. This is a clinical sign of the presence of an infection.
A lymphoma is a malignant form of lymphocytes. A lymphoma cell population is composed of identical lymphocytes. They have the same origin, a single T cell or a B cell.The abnormal process is that these cells may divide slowly without being distroyed, or divide rapidly. In both situations the result is an accumulation of a large number of lymphocytes which are identical. This exaggerate accumulation will cause lymph nodes to enlarge. Normal lymphocytes present different stages of maturation. Lymphoma cells do not mature, their development stop as it was frozen at one stage of development. Another cause of the presence of the lymphomas are specific genetic mutations
To make a correct classification of the lymphomas we have to take in consideration different aspects like the characteristics of the tumor cells, appearance or the morphology, type, genetic make-up or ‘genotype’ and the clinical symptoms of the patient. The morphology of the malignant lymphocytes is established regarding the way the cells and tissues appear under a microscope. ‘Phenotype’ or the type of the malignant cells is the term used to mention the different unique ‘markers’ that can be found on the surface of the cells. Using special tests these markers can be determined in laboratories. The ‘genotype,’ means the DNA of the malignant lymphocytes. At this level, specialists discovered that often can exist specific genetic mutations. Even if the diagnosis of lymphoma is sure, it is not very easy to make theclasification. Classification tests may take weeks. They are very important and they mustn’t be skiped because the therapy and prognosis are often closely related to the results of these tests.
There are two major groups of lymphomas: the Hodgkin and the Non- Hodgkin’s disease.
In Hodgkin’s disease appears unique malignant cells known as Reed-Sternberg cells. They are thought to be B cells. There are also other inflammatory cells. More common is the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and the most alarming aspect is that it tends to affect young adults. The way it manifests and the treatment recommended are different than in other forms of lymphoma. There is also a good aspect of this disease because it is considered curable in most of the cases.
For more resources about lymphoma please review http://www.lymphoma-center.com/symptoms-of-lymphoma.htm or http://www.lymphoma-center.com/lymphoma-cancer.htm
For more resources about lymphoma please review http://www.lymphoma-center.com/symptoms-of-lymphoma.htm or http://www.lymphoma-center.com/lymphoma-cancer.htm
What can cause an inhomogenous spleen in hodgkin lymphoma?
My friend has Hodgkin lymphoma and his disease has gone away in his chest but he still has tiny densities and mild inhomogenity on his spleen. He is done with chemotherapy. What does it mean to have inhomogenous stuff on the spleen? Is it like a scar?
AnswerThis is a term used by radiologists that does not help us much as clinicians because it is so non-specific. It probably means nothing. We can’t safely biopsy the spleen – it bleeds too easily. If the Hodgkin’s lymphoma has resolved in the chest, it is not very likely that the lymphoma is active in the “inhomogeneous” areas of the spleen.
To really know what is going on in the spleen, you would have to surgically remove it. This will not be recommended with an uncertain report stating “inhomogeneous.” Follow-up and time are the key. There is no better test in this situation than the “test of time” to see if your friend has a durable remission. There is no great hurry to find recurrence. I would assume a positive outlook. We do well treating Hodgkin’s lymphomas in most patients. Our best chemotherapy is given first, and your friend is finished with that.
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Mantle cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma type of cancer and it represents affection of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system, as part of the immune system, helps fighting against infections or foreign particles. The lymph drains through lymph vessels, a network of tubular channels, into the bloodstream and accumulates in lymphocytes. The lymphocytes or the white blood cells are divided in two groups: the B cells or the B lymphocytes and the T cells or lymphocytes, and can be located not only in the lymph nodes, but in the lymphoid tissue too.
B lymphocytes search the organism for infections or foreign bodies. When something wrong is found B cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies to neutralize the infection. This is the moment when T cells get to do their job. Once neutralized by the B cells the infection or foreign body is destroyed by the T lymphocytes.
While moving through the lymphatic system, the lymph is filtered by the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are located in various regions in our body such as neck, armpit, chest and groin and even abdomen, and have the mission to destroy antigens.
From the two categories of lymphoma that we know, mantle cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin’s disease, being a result of weakness from the immunity system. By dividing, slowly or rapidly, the malignant cells form a numerous population that enlarges the lymph nodes. Mantle cell lymphomas symptoms are different from a case to another, and are strictly related to the stage of disease, sex and age of the patient.
MCL is a B cell lymphoma that develops in the zone of the lymph nodes and it is a form of non-Hodgkin’s disease caused by the malignant B lymphocytes.
Mantle cell lymphoma is considered as being a two stage disease. In cases when lymphomas divide slowly the diagnosis is low grade disease, but in cases when the malignant cells divide rapidly the diagnosis is set as high grade lymphoma, in urgent need of proper treatment. Because of this classification of the mantle cell lymphoma, specialists have doubts about where to situate this lymphoma, along with indolent or aggressive diseases.
Mantle cell lymphoma affects especially men that are over 50. Fewer than 33% of the patients are women.
MCL symptoms are pretty much alike to the other lymphomas symptoms. The immune system is getting weaker and from this time towards, problems occur. In early stage the enlargement of lymph nodes is one of the most common symptoms just like anemia and in final stages neurological problems appear.
For more resources about lymphoma or even about non hodgkins lymphoma please review this page http://www.lymphoma-center.com/non-hodgkins-lymphoma.htm
For more resources about lymphoma or even about non hodgkins lymphoma please review this page http://www.lymphoma-center.com/non-hodgkins-lymphoma.htm
what are the symptoms of lymphoma and how can you treat it. Thanks!?
please give it in best detail and make it hard to plagirize b-cuse i dont want 2 plagirize. Thanks!
AnswerHere is where you can find the best info:
http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/hm_lls
And, they don’t mind if you plagerize.
Symptoms I had were night sweats, itching and weight loss.
Treatment I has was CHOP with Rituxan, and radiation.
Best wishes
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Three separate studies have suggested that the benefit of Revlimid® (lenalidomide) for the initial treatment of patients with multiple myeloma outweighs the possible increased risk of developing secondary malignancies. These three studies were presented at the 2011 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, which are news.cancerconnect.com
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